Publikationen

Simulation of scattered radiation during intraoperative imaging in a virtual reality learning environment

Süncksen, M. ., Bott, O. ., Dresing, K. ., & Teistler, M. . (2020). Simulation of scattered radiation during intraoperative imaging in a virtual reality learning environment. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery , 15, 691–701. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-020-02126-x (Original work published April 2020)

Abstract

Purpose Scattered radiation, which occurs when using a C-arm for intraoperative radiography, can be better understood through interactive visualization. We developed a virtual reality (VR) approach for the simulation of scattered radiation (SSR) as part of a C-arm training system. In VR, it is important to avoid cyber sickness, which is often caused by increased latency between head motion and image presentation inside the head-mounted display. As the latency requirement interferes with the computational complexity of the SSR, the goal has been to maintain a low latency during the simultaneous computation of the SSR on moderate-cost consumer hardware. Methods For use with a VR C-arm simulator, a CUDA-based Monte Carlo SSR has been improved to utilize GPU resources unused by the VR image generation. Resulting SSR data are visualized through volume rendering with pseudo-colored scattered radiation superimposed onto the virtual operating room. The resulting interactive VR–SSR environment was evaluated with operating room personnel (ORP) and surgeons using questionnaires. Results Depending on the imaged body part and computation parameters, the required computation time to complete one SSR run was between 1.6 and 4.2 s (ankle) and between 7.9 and 14.9 s (thigh), and VR frame times from 11 to 12 ms (95th percentile). The system was evaluated with ORP (n = 46) and surgeons (n = 25). The median of professional C-arm experience was 5 (range 1 to 34) years (ORP) and 12.5 (range 2 to 48) years (surgeons), respectively. The demonstrated prototype was found useful by 78% of ORP and 88% of the surgeons. On a Likert scale, more than 90% of both groups “agreed fully” that the presented way of visualizing SSR in VR helps understanding intraoperative exposure to scattered radiation. Conclusions Leveraging off-the-shelf computer equipment, the feasibility of SSR and VR for interactive training has been demonstrated. Evaluation participants showed a high interest for the presented approach. Feedback suggests that the visualization experienced by the users helps understanding radiation hazards in the operating room.
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- Personenseiten
  
  Teistler, Michael
- Forschungsprojekt
  
  Computerbasierte Ausbildung in der Medizinischen Bildgebung durch virtuelle und spielbasierte Lernumgebungen
- Abteilung/Einrichtung
  
  CIVU – Center for Interaction, Visualization and Usability
- Profilbereich
  
  Informatik und Gestaltung
- Forschungsfeld
  
  Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen
  
  Human-Computer-Interaction
- Fachbereich
  
  Fachbereich 3: Information und Kommunikation
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Simulation of scattered radiation during intraoperative imaging in a virtual reality learning environment

Süncksen, M. ., Bott, O. ., Dresing, K. ., & Teistler, M. . (2020). Simulation of scattered radiation during intraoperative imaging in a virtual reality learning environment. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery , 15, 691–701. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-020-02126-x (Original work published April 2020)

Abstract

Purpose Scattered radiation, which occurs when using a C-arm for intraoperative radiography, can be better understood through interactive visualization. We developed a virtual reality (VR) approach for the simulation of scattered radiation (SSR) as part of a C-arm training system. In VR, it is important to avoid cyber sickness, which is often caused by increased latency between head motion and image presentation inside the head-mounted display. As the latency requirement interferes with the computational complexity of the SSR, the goal has been to maintain a low latency during the simultaneous computation of the SSR on moderate-cost consumer hardware. Methods For use with a VR C-arm simulator, a CUDA-based Monte Carlo SSR has been improved to utilize GPU resources unused by the VR image generation. Resulting SSR data are visualized through volume rendering with pseudo-colored scattered radiation superimposed onto the virtual operating room. The resulting interactive VR–SSR environment was evaluated with operating room personnel (ORP) and surgeons using questionnaires. Results Depending on the imaged body part and computation parameters, the required computation time to complete one SSR run was between 1.6 and 4.2 s (ankle) and between 7.9 and 14.9 s (thigh), and VR frame times from 11 to 12 ms (95th percentile). The system was evaluated with ORP (n = 46) and surgeons (n = 25). The median of professional C-arm experience was 5 (range 1 to 34) years (ORP) and 12.5 (range 2 to 48) years (surgeons), respectively. The demonstrated prototype was found useful by 78% of ORP and 88% of the surgeons. On a Likert scale, more than 90% of both groups “agreed fully” that the presented way of visualizing SSR in VR helps understanding intraoperative exposure to scattered radiation. Conclusions Leveraging off-the-shelf computer equipment, the feasibility of SSR and VR for interactive training has been demonstrated. Evaluation participants showed a high interest for the presented approach. Feedback suggests that the visualization experienced by the users helps understanding radiation hazards in the operating room.
- Suche auf Google Scholar
- DOI Verweis
Exportformate
Weiterführende Links
- Personenseiten
  
  Teistler, Michael
- Forschungsprojekt
  
  Computerbasierte Ausbildung in der Medizinischen Bildgebung durch virtuelle und spielbasierte Lernumgebungen
- Abteilung/Einrichtung
  
  CIVU – Center for Interaction, Visualization and Usability
- Profilbereich
  
  Informatik und Gestaltung
- Forschungsfeld
  
  Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen
  
  Human-Computer-Interaction
- Fachbereich
  
  Fachbereich 3: Information und Kommunikation
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Tabletop Teleporter: Evaluating the Immersiveness of Remote Board Gaming

Odenwald, J. ., Bertel, S. ., & Echtler, F. . (2020). Tabletop Teleporter: Evaluating the Immersiveness of Remote Board Gaming. In Proceedings of the 9TH ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays (S. 79–86). New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. http://doi.org/10.1145/3393712.3395337

Abstract

Communication with remote persons over a video link is common today, e.g. to connect with family members abroad, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, social activities such as board games are rarely shared in this way, as common video chat software does not support this scenario well. However, interactive tabletops provide inherent support for natural tangible interaction with items on the tabletop surface.We present the Tabletop Teleporter, a setup designed to merge two remote locations into a single shared interaction space. We evaluate the system using a board game, focusing on the perceived immersion and connectedness of participants. Our evaluation shows that most measures for the social quality of a remotely shared game are not significantly different from one played with co-located participants, and that players prefer our setup over a pure videochat scenario.
- Suche auf Google Scholar
- DOI Verweis
Exportformate
Weiterführende Links
- Personenseiten
  
  Bertel, Sven
- Abteilung/Einrichtung
  
  CIVU – Center for Interaction, Visualization and Usability
- Fachbereich
  
  Fachbereich 3: Information und Kommunikation
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A gender issue? - How touch-based interactions with dynamic spatial objects support performance and motivation of secondary school students

Zander, S. ., Montag, M. ., Wetzel, S. ., & Bertel, S. . (2020). A gender issue? - How touch-based interactions with dynamic spatial objects support performance and motivation of secondary school students. Computers & Education, 143, 103677. http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103677

Abstract

Mobile devices are seen to incorporate characteristics which can support learning and problem solving in general and specific abilities, such as spatial ones (e.g. mental rotation). Central relevant characteristics of these devices are the availability of multiple representations (e.g. dynamic and static) and the direct interaction via touch, pointing and tracing with displayed information. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of direct interactive, dynamic interactions with spatial tasks on mobile devices as compared to purely static, non-interactive versions of the same tasks. We expected that dynamic, interactive tasks support mental processes while solving spatial tasks would be especially helpful for learners with difficulties in mental rotation and low expectancies regarding their spatial abilities. Therefore, the second focus of the study was to examine whether the expected beneficial effects of dynamic interactions were equally beneficial for both genders. This was motivated by previous studies that revealed gender differences in performance and motivational beliefs regarding spatial tasks to the disadvantage of females. We used a mixed within-between subject design with presentation format (static vs. dynamic) and gender (female vs. male) as factors and success rate, mental effort, intrinsic motivation, and frustration as dependent variables. The study was conducted in four classes (7th grade, N = 46) in two secondary schools. To test gender related pre-assumptions, spatial abilities and motivation were assessed before solving the actual rotation tasks. A MANOVA with single-comparison follow-up tests revealed increased success rates and decreased mental effort for both genders in the dynamic condition, whereas beneficial effects for intrinsic motivation and frustration were restricted to female students. Process data for rotation behavior was registered for dynamic tasks: an analysis hinted at more exploratory ways of solving spatial tasks for females and at more goal-oriented approaches for male students.
- Suche auf Google Scholar
- DOI Verweis
Exportformate
Weiterführende Links
- Personenseiten
  
  Bertel, Sven
- Abteilung/Einrichtung
  
  CIVU – Center for Interaction, Visualization and Usability
- Fachbereich
  
  Fachbereich 3: Information und Kommunikation
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Comparing Eye Movements Between Physical Rotation Interaction Techniques

Bertel, S. ., & Wetzel, S. . (2020). Comparing Eye Movements Between Physical Rotation Interaction Techniques. In ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. http://doi.org/10.1145/3379156.3391355

Abstract

Recent studies have shown a number of procedural similarities between solving problems in mental and in physical rotation. Such similarities open up the interesting option to study mental rotation indirectly through physical rotation, with the advantage that physical rotation processes can be much more easily observed than mental ones. To better assess where solution processes in mental and physical rotation differ, though, it is important to know what influence any specific interaction method in physical rotation will have. We present results from a comparison of two such interaction methods: a one-handed, touch-based and a two-handed, ball-based method. Our analysis focuses on fixation durations and saccade amplitudes as proxies for mental load. Results show, importantly, that the choice of interaction method seems to matter but little. We therefore suggest that the existing findings of past studies that have compared mental to physical rotation are likely highly comparable, despite the fact that different interaction techniques were used.
- Suche auf Google Scholar
- DOI Verweis
Exportformate
Weiterführende Links
- Personenseiten
  
  Bertel, Sven
- Abteilung/Einrichtung
  
  CIVU – Center for Interaction, Visualization and Usability
- Fachbereich
  
  Fachbereich 3: Information und Kommunikation
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Navigation in Desktop 3D Games with Gamepads: Comparison of Two Approaches for Inexperienced Players

Wentzlaff, T. ., Janke, F. ., Kockmeyer, M. ., Reinhold, S. ., & Teistler, M. . (2020). Navigation in Desktop 3D Games with Gamepads: Comparison of Two Approaches for Inexperienced Players. In Proceedings of the Conference on Mensch Und Computer (S. 165–168). New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. http://doi.org/10.1145/3404983.3410018

Abstract

Common approaches for gamepad-based navigation in desktop 3D games are often not suited for inexperienced players. In particular, novices have difficulties in simultaneously controlling movement and viewing direction in a virtual 3D scene. Here, we compare the currently predominant 3D navigation approach with an alternative approach that is inspired by early 3D games. 20 test users with little or no 3D gaming experience used both approaches to walk along a test course in a virtual 3D scene containing different obstacles. Using the alternative navigation approach, the users finished the course faster and with fewer errors than with the predominant navigation approach. In addition, the pragmatic and the hedonic quality of the alternative approach were rated higher. As a conclusion, the presented alternative approach should be given consideration when designing 3D (serious) games or similar applications for inexperienced players, not only for gamepad-based navigation, but also for comparable interfaces like the typical combination of keyboard and mouse control.
- Suche auf Google Scholar
- DOI Verweis
Exportformate
Weiterführende Links
- Personenseiten
  
  Teistler, Michael
- Abteilung/Einrichtung
  
  CIVU – Center for Interaction, Visualization and Usability
- Fachbereich
  
  Fachbereich 3: Information und Kommunikation
Filter Tags
Tabletop Teleporter: Evaluating the Immersiveness of Remote Board Gaming

Odenwald, J. ., Bertel, S. ., & Echtler, F. . (2020). Tabletop Teleporter: Evaluating the Immersiveness of Remote Board Gaming. In Proceedings of the 9TH ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays (S. 79–86). New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. http://doi.org/10.1145/3393712.3395337

Abstract

Communication with remote persons over a video link is common today, e.g. to connect with family members abroad, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, social activities such as board games are rarely shared in this way, as common video chat software does not support this scenario well. However, interactive tabletops provide inherent support for natural tangible interaction with items on the tabletop surface.We present the Tabletop Teleporter, a setup designed to merge two remote locations into a single shared interaction space. We evaluate the system using a board game, focusing on the perceived immersion and connectedness of participants. Our evaluation shows that most measures for the social quality of a remotely shared game are not significantly different from one played with co-located participants, and that players prefer our setup over a pure videochat scenario.
- Suche auf Google Scholar
- DOI Verweis
Exportformate
Weiterführende Links
- Personenseiten
  
  Bertel, Sven
- Abteilung/Einrichtung
  
  CIVU – Center for Interaction, Visualization and Usability
- Fachbereich
  
  Fachbereich 3: Information und Kommunikation
Filter Tags
Comparing Eye Movements Between Physical Rotation Interaction Techniques

Bertel, S. ., & Wetzel, S. . (2020). Comparing Eye Movements Between Physical Rotation Interaction Techniques. In ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. http://doi.org/10.1145/3379156.3391355

Abstract

Recent studies have shown a number of procedural similarities between solving problems in mental and in physical rotation. Such similarities open up the interesting option to study mental rotation indirectly through physical rotation, with the advantage that physical rotation processes can be much more easily observed than mental ones. To better assess where solution processes in mental and physical rotation differ, though, it is important to know what influence any specific interaction method in physical rotation will have. We present results from a comparison of two such interaction methods: a one-handed, touch-based and a two-handed, ball-based method. Our analysis focuses on fixation durations and saccade amplitudes as proxies for mental load. Results show, importantly, that the choice of interaction method seems to matter but little. We therefore suggest that the existing findings of past studies that have compared mental to physical rotation are likely highly comparable, despite the fact that different interaction techniques were used.
- Suche auf Google Scholar
- DOI Verweis
Exportformate
Weiterführende Links
- Personenseiten
  
  Bertel, Sven
- Abteilung/Einrichtung
  
  CIVU – Center for Interaction, Visualization and Usability
- Fachbereich
  
  Fachbereich 3: Information und Kommunikation
Filter Tags
Navigation in Desktop 3D Games with Gamepads: Comparison of Two Approaches for Inexperienced Players

Wentzlaff, T. ., Janke, F. ., Kockmeyer, M. ., Reinhold, S. ., & Teistler, M. . (2020). Navigation in Desktop 3D Games with Gamepads: Comparison of Two Approaches for Inexperienced Players. In Proceedings of the Conference on Mensch Und Computer (S. 165–168). New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. http://doi.org/10.1145/3404983.3410018

Abstract

Common approaches for gamepad-based navigation in desktop 3D games are often not suited for inexperienced players. In particular, novices have difficulties in simultaneously controlling movement and viewing direction in a virtual 3D scene. Here, we compare the currently predominant 3D navigation approach with an alternative approach that is inspired by early 3D games. 20 test users with little or no 3D gaming experience used both approaches to walk along a test course in a virtual 3D scene containing different obstacles. Using the alternative navigation approach, the users finished the course faster and with fewer errors than with the predominant navigation approach. In addition, the pragmatic and the hedonic quality of the alternative approach were rated higher. As a conclusion, the presented alternative approach should be given consideration when designing 3D (serious) games or similar applications for inexperienced players, not only for gamepad-based navigation, but also for comparable interfaces like the typical combination of keyboard and mouse control.
- Suche auf Google Scholar
- DOI Verweis
Exportformate
Weiterführende Links
- Personenseiten
  
  Teistler, Michael
- Abteilung/Einrichtung
  
  CIVU – Center for Interaction, Visualization and Usability
- Fachbereich
  
  Fachbereich 3: Information und Kommunikation
Filter Tags
A gender issue? - How touch-based interactions with dynamic spatial objects support performance and motivation of secondary school students

Zander, S. ., Montag, M. ., Wetzel, S. ., & Bertel, S. . (2020). A gender issue? - How touch-based interactions with dynamic spatial objects support performance and motivation of secondary school students. Computers & Education, 143, 103677. http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103677

Abstract

Mobile devices are seen to incorporate characteristics which can support learning and problem solving in general and specific abilities, such as spatial ones (e.g. mental rotation). Central relevant characteristics of these devices are the availability of multiple representations (e.g. dynamic and static) and the direct interaction via touch, pointing and tracing with displayed information. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of direct interactive, dynamic interactions with spatial tasks on mobile devices as compared to purely static, non-interactive versions of the same tasks. We expected that dynamic, interactive tasks support mental processes while solving spatial tasks would be especially helpful for learners with difficulties in mental rotation and low expectancies regarding their spatial abilities. Therefore, the second focus of the study was to examine whether the expected beneficial effects of dynamic interactions were equally beneficial for both genders. This was motivated by previous studies that revealed gender differences in performance and motivational beliefs regarding spatial tasks to the disadvantage of females. We used a mixed within-between subject design with presentation format (static vs. dynamic) and gender (female vs. male) as factors and success rate, mental effort, intrinsic motivation, and frustration as dependent variables. The study was conducted in four classes (7th grade, N = 46) in two secondary schools. To test gender related pre-assumptions, spatial abilities and motivation were assessed before solving the actual rotation tasks. A MANOVA with single-comparison follow-up tests revealed increased success rates and decreased mental effort for both genders in the dynamic condition, whereas beneficial effects for intrinsic motivation and frustration were restricted to female students. Process data for rotation behavior was registered for dynamic tasks: an analysis hinted at more exploratory ways of solving spatial tasks for females and at more goal-oriented approaches for male students.
- Suche auf Google Scholar
- DOI Verweis
Exportformate
Weiterführende Links
- Personenseiten
  
  Bertel, Sven
- Abteilung/Einrichtung
  
  CIVU – Center for Interaction, Visualization and Usability
- Fachbereich
  
  Fachbereich 3: Information und Kommunikation
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