Imhoff, J. F., Labes, A. ., & Wiese, J. . (2011). Bio-mining the microbial treasures of the ocean: New natural products. Biotechnology Advances, 29, 468–482. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/12044/
Abstract
The biological resources of the oceans have been exploited since ancient human history, mainly by catching fish and harvesting algae. Research on natural products with special emphasis on marine animals and also algae during the last decades of the 20th century has revealed the importance of marine organisms as producers of substances useful for the treatment of human diseases. Though a large number of bioactive substances have been identified, some many years ago, only recently the first drugs from the oceans were approved. Quite astonishingly, the immense diversity of microbes in the marine environments and their almost untouched capacity to produce natural products and therefore the importance of microbes for marine biotechnology was realized on a broad basis by the scientific communities only recently. This has strengthened worldwide research activities dealing with the exploration of marine microorganisms for biotechnological applications, which comprise the production of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical use, as well as the development of other valuable products, such as enzymes, nutraceuticals and cosmetics. While the focus in these fields was mainly on marine bacteria, also marine fungi now receive growing attention. Although culture-dependent studies continue to provide interesting new chemical structures with biological activities at a high rate and represent highly promising approaches for the search of new drugs, exploration and use of genomic and metagenomic resources are considered to further increase this potential. Many efforts are made for the sustainable exploration of marine microbial resources. Large culture collections specifically of marine bacteria and marine fungi are available. Compound libraries of marine natural products, even of highly purified substances, were established. The expectations into the commercial exploitation of marine microbial resources has given rise to numerous institutions worldwide, basic research facilities as well as companies. In Europe, recent activities have initiated a dynamic development in marine biotechnology, though concentrated efforts on marine natural product research are rare. One of these activities is represented by the Kieler Wirkstoff-Zentrum KiWiZ, which was founded in 2005 in Kiel (Germany).
Kramer, A. ., Labes, A. ., Wiese, J. ., Ohlendorf, B. ., & Imhoff, J. F. (2011). Secondary metabolites of fungi associated to the marine sponge Halichondria panacea. In MIMAS Symposium. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/12918/
Wiese, J. ., Schulz, D. ., Stöhr, R. ., Nagel, K. ., Labes, A. ., Schneemann, I. ., … Imhoff, J. F. (2011). Biologically active compounds from microorganisms derived from marine macroorganisms and marine sediments. In NatPharma: Nature Aided Drug Discovery, NADD. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/12921/
Goecke, F. R., Labes, A. ., Wiese, J. ., & Imhoff, J. F. (2010). Chemical interactions between marine macroalgae and bacteria. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 409, 267–299. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/8734/
Abstract
We review research from the last 40 yr on macroalgal?bacterial interactions. Marine macroalgae have been challenged throughout their evolution by microorganisms and have developed in a world of microbes. Therefore, it is not surprising that a complex array of interactions has evolved between macroalgae and bacteria which basically depends on chemical interactions of various kinds. Bacteria specifically associate with particular macroalgal species and even to certain parts of the algal body. Although the mechanisms of this specificity have not yet been fully elucidated, ecological functions have been demonstrated for some of the associations. Though some of the chemical response mechanisms can be clearly attributed to either the alga or to its epibiont, in many cases the producers as well as the mechanisms triggering the biosynthesis of the biologically active compounds remain ambiguous. Positive macroalgal?bacterial interactions include phytohormone production, morphogenesis of macroalgae triggered by bacterial products, specific antibiotic activities affecting epibionts and elicitation of oxidative burst mechanisms. Some bacteria are able to prevent biofouling or pathogen invasion, or extend the defense mechanisms of the macroalgae itself. Deleterious macroalgal?bacterial interactions induce or generate algal diseases. To inhibit settlement, growth and biofilm formation by bacteria, macroalgae influence bacterial metabolism and quorum sensing, and produce antibiotic compounds. There is a strong need to investigate the bacterial communities living on different coexisting macroalgae using new technologies, but also to investigate the production, localization and secretion of the biological active metabolites involved in those possible ecological interactions.
Wiese, J. ., Baumann, H. I., Labes, A. ., Ohlendorf, B. ., Schmaljohann, R. ., Schulz, D. ., … Imhoff, J. F. (2010). New drugs in oncology from marine bacteria and fungi. In AIO-Symposium "Academic Drug Development in Oncology ? Translating Basic Science Research Into Innovative Treatments". Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/10235/
Schneemann, I. ., Nagel, K. ., Kajahn, I. ., Labes, A. ., Wiese, J. ., & Imhoff, J. F. (2010). Comprehensive Investigation of Marine Actinobacteria Associated with the Sponge Halichondria panicea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76, 3702–3714. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/8488/
Abstract
Representatives of Actinobacteria were isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria panicea collected from the Baltic Sea (Germany). For the first time, a comprehensive investigation was performed with regard to phylogenetic strain identification, secondary metabolite profiling, bioactivity determination, and genetic exploration of biosynthetic genes, especially concerning the relationships of the abundance of biosynthesis gene fragments to the number and diversity of produced secondary metabolites. All strains were phylogenetically identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and were found to belong to the genera Actinoalloteichus, Micrococcus, Micromonospora, Nocardiopsis, and Streptomyces. Secondary metabolite profiles of 46 actinobacterial strains were evaluated, 122 different substances were identified, and 88 so far unidentified compounds were detected. The extracts from most of the cultures showed biological activities. In addition, the presence of biosynthesis genes encoding polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) in 30 strains was established. It was shown that strains in which either PKS or NRPS genes were identified produced a significantly higher number of metabolites and exhibited a larger number of unidentified, possibly new metabolites than other strains. Therefore, the presence of PKS and NRPS genes is a good indicator for the selection of strains to isolate new natural products.
Nagel, K. ., Schneemann, I. ., Kajahn, I. ., Wiese, J. ., Labes, A. ., & Imhoff, J. F. (2010). Pseudomonads in association with Saccharina latissima ? evidence of a beneficial interaction in marine environments?. In International VAAM-Workshop "Biology of bacteria producing natural products". Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/10252/
Labes, A. ., Klotz, H. ., Schneemann, I. ., & Imhoff, J. F. (2010). Efficient screening for secondary metabolites in marine fungi using biosynthetic genes. In CEBITEC Symposium. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/10245/
Labes, A. . (2010). Schätze aus dem Ozean: Neue Naturstoffe aus marinen Mikroorganismen. In 1. Life Science Conference der analytic jena. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/10226/