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2012

Differences in bacterial association with macroalgae are product of environmental and chemical interactions = Diferencias de asociaci\ on bacteriana en macroalgas son producto de interacciones qu\ imicas y ambientales

Goecke, F. R., Staufenberger, T. ., Wiese, J. ., Labes, A. ., & Imhoff, J. F. (2012). Differences in bacterial association with macroalgae are product of environmental and chemical interactions = Diferencias de asociaci\ on bacteriana en macroalgas son producto de interacciones qu\ imicas y ambientales. In 3. Latin-American Congress of Algal Biotechnology. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/19541/
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2012

Conference Paper

Franz Goecke

Tim Staufenberger

Jutta Wiese

Antje Labes

Johannes Imhoff
Dual effect of macroalgal extracts on growth of bacteria in Western Baltic Sea

Goecke, F. R., Labes, A. ., Wiese, J. ., & Imhoff, J. F. (2012). Dual effect of macroalgal extracts on growth of bacteria in Western Baltic Sea. Revista De Biologia Marina Y Oceanografia, 47, 75–86. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/14347/

Abstract

It is assumed that the biological characteristics of the bacterial strains used in bioactivity tests have strong influences on their susceptibility against antibacterial compounds. Therefore, the selection of bacterial test strains may rush conclusions on the effect of macroalgal extracts and metabolites on bacteria. To proof this assumption, we have analysed the biological activities of crude extracts of 16 macroalgae from the coastal waters of Kiel Fjord (Germany), and tested their effect against a panel of 10 microorganisms comprising 5 standard test strains of bacteria and 5 macroalga-associated bacteria. Fourteen macroalgae (88\%) displayed antibacterial activity against at least one of the test strains. Despite the high proportion of extracts exhibiting antimicrobial activity, only 3 strains of the standard set were susceptible to macroalgal extracts and the overall activities were low (less than 80\% of inhibition). Most of active extracts inhibited Bacillus subtilis, while no inhibition effects were found against Erwinia amylovora, Escherichia coli, and the macroalga-associated bacteria. In contrast, all extracts produced stimulatory growth effects of at least two of the tested bacteria. While growth stimulation of standard set of bacteria was rare (22.5\% of total tests) with exception of plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora and two cases of Staphylococcus lentus, it was common among bacteria associated with macroalgae (77.5\%), especially Bacillus algicola, Pseudomonas marincola and both algal-pathogenic bacteria. This study demonstrates that macroalgal extracts can display different effects, i.e., inhibition or stimulation of bacterial growth depending on the origin of the test strains, which are derived from a standard panel or from the marine environment, respectively.
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2012

Journal Article

Franz Goecke

Antje Labes

Jutta Wiese

Johannes Imhoff

Microbiology

Marine algae

antibacterial activities

stimulation of bacterial growth

Kiel fjord
Observation of bacteria over the surface of released oogonia from Fucus vesiculosus L (Phaeophyceae)

Goecke, F. R., Labes, A. ., Wiese, J. ., Schmaljohann, R. ., & Imhoff, J. F. (2012). Observation of bacteria over the surface of released oogonia from Fucus vesiculosus L (Phaeophyceae). Gayana Botanica, 69, 376–379. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/19591/
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2012

Journal Article

Franz Goecke

Antje Labes

Jutta Wiese

Rolf Schmaljohann

Johannes Imhoff
Phylogenetic relationships among bacteria described from algae: Algae are a distinct source of new taxa

Goecke, F. R., Wiese, J. ., Labes, A. ., & Imhoff, J. F. (2012). Phylogenetic relationships among bacteria described from algae: Algae are a distinct source of new taxa. In 3. Latin-American Congress of Algal Biotechnology. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/19547/
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2012

Conference Paper

Franz Goecke

Jutta Wiese

Antje Labes

Johannes Imhoff
A Novel Phytomyxean Parasite Associated with Galls on the Bull-Kelp Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot

Goecke, F. R., Wiese, J. ., Nunez, A. ., Labes, A. ., Imhoff, J. F., & Neuhauser, S. . (2012). A Novel Phytomyxean Parasite Associated with Galls on the Bull-Kelp Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot. PLoS ONE, 7, e45358. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/19148/

Abstract

Durvillaea antarctica (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) is a large kelp of high ecological and economic significance in the Southern Hemisphere. In natural beds along the central coast of Chile (Pacific Ocean), abnormal growth characterized by evident gall development and discolorations of the fronds/thallus was observed. Analysing these galls by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of endophytic eukaryotes showing typical characteristics for phytomyxean parasites. The parasite developed within enlarged cells of the subcortical tissue of the host. Multinucleate plasmodia developed into many, single resting spores. The affiliation of this parasite to the Phytomyxea (Rhizaria) was supported by 18S rDNA data, placing it within the Phagomyxida. Similar microorganisms were already reported once 23 years ago, indicating that these parasites are persistent and widespread in D. antarctica beds for long times. The symptoms caused by this parasite are discussed along with the ecological and economic consequences. Phytomyxean parasites may play an important role in the marine ecosystem, but they remain understudied in this environment. Our results demonstrate for the first time the presence of resting spores in Phagomyxida, an order in which resting spores were thought to be absent making this the first record of a phagomyxean parasite with a complete life cycle so far, challenging the existing taxonomic concepts within the Phytomyxea. The importance of the here described resting spores for the survival and ecology of the phagomyxid parasite will be discussed together with the impact this parasite may have on the strongest seaweed of the world , which is an important habitat forming and economic resource from the Southern Hemisphere.
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2012

Journal Article

Franz Goecke

Jutta Wiese

Alejandra Nunez

Antje Labes

Johannes Imhoff

Sigrid Neuhauser

SP-NOV

LESSONIA-NIGRESCENS

MARINE MACROALGAE

CENTRAL CHILE

NEW-ZEALAND

PHAEOPHYTA

RHODOPHYTA

ALGAE

DURVILLEALES

INFECTIONS
Phylogenetic relationships among bacteria described from algae: Distinct source of new taxa

Goecke, F. R., Thiel, V. ., Wiese, J. ., Labes, A. ., & Imhoff, J. F. (2012). Phylogenetic relationships among bacteria described from algae: Distinct source of new taxa. In Jahrestagung der Vereinigung für Allgemeine und Angewandte Mikrobiologie. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/19548/
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2012

Conference Paper

Franz Goecke

Vera Thiel

Jutta Wiese

Antje Labes

Johannes Imhoff
Bacteria associations with co-occurring macroalgae: Host, epiphyte and environmental factors

Goecke, F. R., Labes, A. ., Wiese, J. ., & Imhoff, J. F. (2012). Bacteria associations with co-occurring macroalgae: Host, epiphyte and environmental factors. European Journal of Phycology, 46, 45–50. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/19586/

Abstract

Bacteria associated with 2 macroalgae growing in the Kiel Fjord (Baltic Sea) were investigated seasonally over two years by scanning electron microscopy and cultivation methods. Seasonal variations and significant differences between both macroalgal species with respect to the associated bacteria were observed. 166 bacterial strains were isolated from the macroalgae and classified by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The strains formed 82 phylotypes according to sequence similarities of499.0\%. Samples from Fucus vesiculosus revealed 43 and from Delesseria sanguinea 57 bacterial phylotypes. They affiliated to Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Betaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Sphingobacteria. Following the assumption that chemical interactions rule the bacteria-macroalga associations, we tested the biological activity of both macroalgae and isolated bacterial strains against a panel comprising standard and ecologically relevant microorganisms (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including macroalgal pathogens and surface associated strains, and a yeast). Both macroalgae presented inhibitory activity against at least one microorganism, but overall the inhibitory activities were low. In contrast, all extracts stimulated growth of many of the tested bacteria. While growth stimulation was common concerning bacteria associated with macroalgae, no stimulation was shown for the standard set of bacteria (with exception of one case of stimulation of the plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora). Regarding the potential biological activity of microorganisms associated with macroalgae, more than 60\% of the bacterial phylotypes inhibited the growth of at least one microorganism. A higher proportion of strains showed antimicrobial activity against the set of bacteria associated with macroalgae as compared to standard set of microorganisms. Certain phylotypes are consistently found as epiphytes, suggesting their specific association with macroalgae. The presented positive and negative effects of macroalgal extracts on growth of macroalga-associated bacteria, significant bacterial activity against macroalgal pathogens and competitors, and potential degradative capabilities support the assumption that complex chemical interactions shape the bacteria-macroalga relationships.
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2012

Journal Article

Franz Goecke

Antje Labes

Jutta Wiese

Johannes Imhoff

2011

Secondary metabolites of fungi associated to the marine sponge Halichondria panacea

Kramer, A. ., Labes, A. ., Wiese, J. ., Ohlendorf, B. ., & Imhoff, J. F. (2011). Secondary metabolites of fungi associated to the marine sponge Halichondria panacea. In MIMAS Symposium. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/12918/
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2011

Conference Paper

Annemarie Kramer

Antje Labes

Jutta Wiese

Birgit Ohlendorf

Johannes Imhoff

Microbiology

marine sponge Halichondria panacea
Bacteria associated with coexisting macroalgae: seasonal, interspecies variation and antibiotic effects

Goecke, F. R., Labes, A. ., Wiese, J. ., & Imhoff, J. F. (2011). Bacteria associated with coexisting macroalgae: seasonal, interspecies variation and antibiotic effects. In VAAM-Jahrestagung 2011. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/12920/
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2011

Conference Paper

Franz Goecke

Antje Labes

Jutta Wiese

Johannes Imhoff

Microbiology

Medical Science

BACTERIA

antibiotic effects

Macroalgae
Bio-mining the microbial treasures of the ocean: New natural products

Imhoff, J. F., Labes, A. ., & Wiese, J. . (2011). Bio-mining the microbial treasures of the ocean: New natural products. Biotechnology Advances, 29, 468–482. Abgerufen von http://oceanrep.geomar.de/12044/

Abstract

The biological resources of the oceans have been exploited since ancient human history, mainly by catching fish and harvesting algae. Research on natural products with special emphasis on marine animals and also algae during the last decades of the 20th century has revealed the importance of marine organisms as producers of substances useful for the treatment of human diseases. Though a large number of bioactive substances have been identified, some many years ago, only recently the first drugs from the oceans were approved. Quite astonishingly, the immense diversity of microbes in the marine environments and their almost untouched capacity to produce natural products and therefore the importance of microbes for marine biotechnology was realized on a broad basis by the scientific communities only recently. This has strengthened worldwide research activities dealing with the exploration of marine microorganisms for biotechnological applications, which comprise the production of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical use, as well as the development of other valuable products, such as enzymes, nutraceuticals and cosmetics. While the focus in these fields was mainly on marine bacteria, also marine fungi now receive growing attention. Although culture-dependent studies continue to provide interesting new chemical structures with biological activities at a high rate and represent highly promising approaches for the search of new drugs, exploration and use of genomic and metagenomic resources are considered to further increase this potential. Many efforts are made for the sustainable exploration of marine microbial resources. Large culture collections specifically of marine bacteria and marine fungi are available. Compound libraries of marine natural products, even of highly purified substances, were established. The expectations into the commercial exploitation of marine microbial resources has given rise to numerous institutions worldwide, basic research facilities as well as companies. In Europe, recent activities have initiated a dynamic development in marine biotechnology, though concentrated efforts on marine natural product research are rare. One of these activities is represented by the Kieler Wirkstoff-Zentrum KiWiZ, which was founded in 2005 in Kiel (Germany).
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2011

Journal Article

Johannes Imhoff

Antje Labes

Jutta Wiese

Microbiology

Marine bacteria

marine fungi

Bioassays

natural products

Microbial interactions

Compound library

Strain collection

Marine biotechnology in Europe

Genetic resources

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