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2021

Influence of Continuous Provision of Synthetic Inertia on the Mechanical Loads of a Wind Turbine

Gloe, A. ., Jauch, C. ., Craciun, B. ., Zanter, A. ., & Winkelmann, J. . (2021). Influence of Continuous Provision of Synthetic Inertia on the Mechanical Loads of a Wind Turbine. Energies, 14(16), 5185. http://doi.org/10.3390/en14165185

Abstract

In many electrical grids, the share of renewable energy generation increases. As these generators are typically connected to the grid via inverters, the level of grid inertia decreases. Such grids may therefore suffer from high rates of change of frequency during power imbalances. Modern wind turbines can help in controlling the frequency in such grids by providing synthetic inertia. A controller to provide synthetic inertia with wind turbines was developed at the Wind Energy Technology Institute in collaboration with Suzlon Energy. For this controller the influence of providing synthetic inertia on the mechanical loads of the wind turbine is assessed for different grid frequency scenarios. Such a scenario-based load analysis has not been published before, especially as the scenarios are derived from real measurements. The effect of the loads strongly depends on the analyzed grid frequency behavior. Ten months of high quality grid frequency measurements of the Indian grid are analyzed in order to derive inputs for the load calculation. Different types of grid frequency abnormities are identified and categorized with respect to their severity. Based on the observed occurrences of the grid frequency abnormities, realistic scenarios for the load calculations are chosen. The load calculations are performed for a state-of-the-art Suzlon wind turbine generator. The load increases caused by the supply of synthetic inertia are calculated for individual components assuming an otherwise undisturbed power production of the wind turbine in turbulent wind. Furthermore, a hardware-in-the-loop test bench is used to show how the measured grid frequencies are actually perceived by the control system of a typical wind turbine. The original frequency data were recorded with high quality measurement equipment, which is faster and more accurate than a multi-function relay, often used in wind turbines. For exemplary time traces, the effect of the reduced measurement accuracy on the reaction of the wind turbine is shown. This aspect has not been investigated in the literature yet. The results show that wind turbines can provide synthetic inertia without a considerable effect on the lifetime of the wind turbine. However, there are still problems with providing synthetic inertia reliably at high power operating points, which have to be solved.
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Gloe, Arne

Jauch, Clemens

Abteilung/Einrichtung

Wind Energy Technology Institute

Fachbereich

Fachbereich 2: Energy and Life Science
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2021

Journal Article

Arne Gloe

Prof. Dr. Clemens Jauch

B. Craciun

Arvid Zanter

J. Winkelmann

WETI
Grid Frequency Data – WETI

Thiesen, H. ., Gloe, A. ., & Jauch, C. . (2021). Grid Frequency Data – WETI. http://doi.org/doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JBK82

Abstract

The presented grid frequency data is part of research activities at the Wind Energy Technology Instiute (WETI) at the Flensburg University of Applied Sciences. The measurement campaign is conducted in Flensburg, Germany. Hence, the grid frequency of the synchronous area of Continental Europe is tracked. A Dewetron 2010 measurement system is used to record and compute the data. The measurement system computes the grid frequency by tracking the grid voltage with a high sampling rate of 50 kHz. Every 164 ms the software fits a sinusoidal curve into the recorded voltage measurement points using the least-square-sums approach. The period of the resulting sinusoidal function is used as a measure for grid frequency.
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Thiesen, Henning

Gloe, Arne

Jauch, Clemens

Abteilung/Einrichtung

Wind Energy Technology Institute

Fachbereich

Fachbereich 2: Energy and Life Science
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2021

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Henning Thiesen

Arne Gloe

Prof. Dr. Clemens Jauch

WETI

2020

Determining the Load Inertia Contribution from Different Power Consumer Groups

Thiesen, H. ., & Jauch, C. . (2020). Determining the Load Inertia Contribution from Different Power Consumer Groups. Energies, 13(7). http://doi.org/10.3390/en13071588 (Original work published April 2020)

Abstract

Power system inertia is a vital part of power system stability. The inertia response within the first seconds after a power imbalance reduces the velocity of which the grid frequency changes. At present, large shares of power system inertia are provided by synchronously rotating masses of conventional power plants. A minor part of power system inertia is supplied by power consumers. The energy system transformation results in an overall decreasing amount of power system inertia. Hence, inertia has to be provided synthetically in future power systems. In depth knowledge about the amount of inertia provided by power consumers is very important for a future application of units supplying synthetic inertia. It strongly promotes the technical efficiency and cost effective application. A blackout in the city of Flensburg allows for a detailed research on the inertia contribution from power consumers. Therefore, power consumer categories are introduced and the inertia contribution is calculated for each category. Overall, the inertia constant for different power consumers is in the range of 0.09 to 4.24 s if inertia constant calculations are based on the power demand. If inertia constant calculations are based on the apparent generator power, the load inertia constant is in the range of 0.01 to 0.19 s.
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Thiesen, Henning

Jauch, Clemens

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Wind Energy Technology Institute
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2020

Journal Article

Henning Thiesen

Prof. Dr. Clemens Jauch
Development of a Flexible Lightweight Hydraulic-Pneumatic Flywheel System for Wind Turbine Rotors

Alhrshy, L. ., Jauch, C. ., & Kloft, P. . (2020). Development of a Flexible Lightweight Hydraulic-Pneumatic Flywheel System for Wind Turbine Rotors. Fluids, 5. http://doi.org/10.3390/fluids5040162

Abstract

In this paper, the design of a flexible piston accumulator for application in a hydraulic-pneumatic flywheel system in a wind turbine rotor is presented. The flywheel system enables a wind turbine to vary the inertia of its rotor blades to control the power output and, most importantly, to influence the vibratory behaviour of wind turbine components. The method used for designing the flexible accumulator is based on the one hand on test results of a flexible piston accumulator prototype, and on the other hand, on simulation results of a model of a flexible piston accumulator. As a result, a design of flexible piston accumulators for application in the flywheel system is implemented and compared with the design of conventional steel accumulators. Due to the proposed design of the flywheel system, the impact on the mechanical loads of a wind turbine is analysed. The simulation results show that the new design of the piston accumulators causes a lower impact on the mechanical loads of the wind turbine than a previously published design of piston accumulators. It is further shown that the considered wind turbine can take on the flywheel system without the need for reinforcements in the rotor blades.
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Alhrshy, Laurence

Jauch, Clemens

Forschungsprojekt

Schwungrad

Abteilung/Einrichtung

Wind Energy Technology Institute

Fachbereich

Fachbereich 2: Energy and Life Science
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2020

Journal Article

Laurence Alhrshy

Prof. Dr. Clemens Jauch

Peter Kloft
First Eigenmodes Simulation Model of a Wind Turbine - for Control Algorithm Design

Jauch, C. . (2020). First Eigenmodes Simulation Model of a Wind Turbine - for Control Algorithm Design. http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17192.19204
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Jauch, Clemens

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Wind Energy Technology Institute
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2020

Report

Prof. Dr. Clemens Jauch

WETI

2019

Störfall im Flensburger Stromnetz – wie Windenergieanlagen den Blackout möglicherweise hätten verhindern können

Gloe, A. ., Jauch, C. ., & Räther, T. . (2019). Störfall im Flensburger Stromnetz – wie Windenergieanlagen den Blackout möglicherweise hätten verhindern können. Ingenieurspiegel , 4, 3. (Original work published November 2019)
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Gloe, Arne

Jauch, Clemens

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Wind Energy Technology Institute
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2019

Magazine Article

Arne Gloe

Prof. Dr. Clemens Jauch

T. Räther

WETI
Ein Windenergieanlagenemulator zum Test von Leistungseinspeisung im Netz

Jauch, C. ., Rohr, A. ., Gloe, A. ., Thiemke, M. ., & Wilhelm, J. E. (2019). Ein Windenergieanlagenemulator zum Test von Leistungseinspeisung im Netz. Ingenieurspiegel , 4, 4. (Original work published November 2019)
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Jauch, Clemens

Rohr, Alexander

Gloe, Arne
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2019

Magazine Article

Prof. Dr. Clemens Jauch

Alexander Rohr

Arne Gloe

M. Thiemke

J. Wilhelm

WETI
Flexible hydropneumatische Kolbenspeicher aus kohlefaserverstärktem Kunststoff zum Einsatz in Rotorblätter von Windenergieanlagen

Jauch, C. ., Alhrshy, L. ., & Kloft, P. . (2019). Flexible hydropneumatische Kolbenspeicher aus kohlefaserverstärktem Kunststoff zum Einsatz in Rotorblätter von Windenergieanlagen. Ingenieurspiegel , 4, 3. (Original work published November 2019)
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Jauch, Clemens

Alhrshy, Laurence
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2019

Magazine Article

Prof. Dr. Clemens Jauch

Laurence Alhrshy

P. Kloft

WETI
Identifying electromagnetic illusions in grid frequency measurements for synthetic inertia provision

Thiesen, H. ., & Jauch, C. . (2019). Identifying electromagnetic illusions in grid frequency measurements for synthetic inertia provision. IEEE CPE-POWERENG 2019, 13th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering. (Original work published April 2019)
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Thiesen, Henning

Jauch, Clemens
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2019

Conference Proceedings

Henning Thiesen

Prof. Dr. Clemens Jauch

WETI
Large Scale Test Bench for Emulating Grid Connected Wind Turbines of Different Sizes

Jauch, C. ., & Rohr, A. . (2019). Large Scale Test Bench for Emulating Grid Connected Wind Turbines of Different Sizes. IEEE CPE-POWERENG 2019, 13th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering. (Original work published April 2019)
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Jauch, Clemens

Rohr, Alexander
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2019

Conference Proceedings

Prof. Dr. Clemens Jauch

Alexander Rohr

WETI

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2021

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